The biosphere reserve and particularly Tusheti is exceptionally rich in cultural and architectural heritage. Medieval fortresses, slate-stone villages, pre-Christian shrines, and sacred places such as churches and crypts reveal the region’s complex history and invaluable architectural traditions. Among the most remarkable historic settlements are Old Diklo, Chontio, Hegho, Ageurta, Tsaro, Kvavlo, Parsma, Dakiurta, Bochorna - Europe’s highest inhabited village at 2,345 meters and Indurta.

A unique tradition that still survives in Shenako is the Tushetian transhumance system known as “Sopel-Bosloba.” For centuries, communities practiced seasonal migration, moving flocks of sheep from the Shiraki Plain winter pastures to the summer alpine meadows of Tusheti. This custom is more than an economic activity - it embodies a deep cultural connection between mountain and lowland life.

Local identity is also preserved through traditional crafts and foods. Wool products such as carpets, hats, and socks reflect centuries-old artisanal skills, while regional delicacies like Guda cheese, Tushetian potatoes, herbal teas, and Aludi beer maintain culinary traditions. The area is also home to Qvevri winemaking, the ancient Georgian method of fermenting wine in clay vessels, which is recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.